TLS Forensic uses the state-of-the-science software packages Human Vehicle Environment (HVE; Engineering Dynamics Corporation) and Graphical Articulated Total Body (GATB; Collision Engineering Associates) to simulate vehicle collisions, occupant biomechanics and pedestrian biomechanics. HVE is the industry standard in collision & accident reconstruction and simulation and has been validated against staged and real-world collisions (Day, 1999; Day, 1994).
The biomechanics acting on people in the collision, the vehicle occupants and pedestrians, are simulated with GATB software module within the HVE package (Grimes, 1997; Cheng et al, 1998). Virtual human models (really, virtual crash test dummies) represent each person involved in a collision to simulate the physics induced on their body segments.
Cheng H, Rizer AL, Obergefell LA. 1998. “Articular Total Body model version V: User’s manual,” Human Effectiveness Directorate, Crew Survivability and Logistics Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, Report No. AFRL-HE-WP-TR-1998-0015
Day T. 1999. “An overview of the EDSMAC4 collision simulation model.” SAE Technical Paper Series No. 1999-01-0102
Day T. 1994. “The scientific visualization of motor vehicle accidents.” SAE Technical Paper Series No. 940922
Grimes WD, Lee FD. 2000. “The effect of crash pulse shape on occupant simulations.” SAE Technical Paper Series No. 2000-01-0460